Chlorine is necessary in our mains water to control harmful bacteria growth which can easily make us sick if left untreated. Chlorine in low quantities isn’t harmful to us in tap water, but can still be easily removed by letting water stand or boiling it using a stove or kettle. Since chlorine is a gas by nature, it will slowly evaporate into the atmosphere as tap water stands and gas bubbles reach the surface.
Even though chlorine is unlikely to cause any problems for us, it can cause all sorts of issues for animals more sensitive to the chemical – such as koi and goldfish. Chlorine is toxic to most aquatic life, and it can cause stress and nasty burns to pond fish once it enters the gills. Chlorine-heavy water should always be treated for ponds with fish, especially if you’re performing a particularly large water change.
Luckily, chlorine and its derivatives (see more below) can now be easily removed from mains water via several different methods; these include dechlorination treatments, activated carbon, and dedicated filtration units. All of these options can remove residue chlorine, making water much more comfortable and safe for goldfish, koi, and the rest of the pond’s ecosystem.
Ways to Dechlorinate Pond Water for Fish
1) Leave Water Stand for 24-48 hours
Recommended for: Smaller ponds with fish. Only works for chlorine.
If you have a small pond and need to perform a small water change you can simply leave your tap water stand in a large bucket for 24 hours. This will allow chlorine time to reach to the surface of the water and escape into the atmosphere. Since this method requires no additional treatments, it’s a good budget option for smaller ponds with fish that don’t require large volumes of water for each top-up.
Sadly, this method only works to disperse chlorine into the atmosphere, with chloramine being much heavier and more stubborn. If you have tested your tap water and it contains ammonia (meaning chloramine) or you have contacted your water company and confirmed chloramine, you would need to use a dedicated treatment option below instead.
2) Water Dechlorinator (Conditioner) Products
Recommended for: Small-large ponds with fish.
- Removes Chlorine, Chloramine, And Ammonia
- A Complete Conditioner That Removes Chlorine, Chloramine, And Detoxifies Both Ammonia And Nitrite
- Provides essential ions and stimulates the natural slime coat
The second option, and probably the most common, is to use water conditioners to strip the water of chlorine, chloramine, and other heavy substances. These are good options for both small and large ponds, and water can often be treated multiple times until the desired chlorine levels are achieved. They’re perfect for new ponds comprised of 100% mains water, and can also be used for every water change to neutralize harmful chemicals before they can interfere with the eco-system.
Most newer water conditioners will be able to neutralize both chlorine and chloramine, but always make sure to check the label before purchase. Modern water conditioners can be used to treat water before adding to the pond (i.e., in a bucket) or they can be added straight to the pond with fish. This makes them a flexible choice if the water is already in your pond and you’re worried you still have residue left behind.
The two dechlorinator treatments we recommend are API Pond’s Chlorine and Heavy Metal Neutralizer and Pond Prime’s Chlorine & Chloramine Remover. The API Pond treatment will also remove heavy metals, such as zinc and lead, whereas Pond Prime will help remove excess ammonia and nitrites. If you just care about the removal of chlorine and chloramine, both treatments work great and you can’t go wrong with either choice.
3) Activated Carbon (Charcoal) Filtration
Recommended for: Small-large ponds with fish.
- Activated pond charcoal removes tannins and chlorine
- Acts as an odor absorber and removes pond pollutants to keep water clarity crystal clear
- This carbon charcoal polishes water and removes microscopic debris
Activated carbon is a method of water filtration to remove heavier organic pollutants that normal mechanical and bio-filtration cannot remove themselves. The carbon works via a process called “adsorption“, which causes substances to stick to the surface of the carbon itself. The compounds stick to the carbon, become neutralized, and the carbon is then eventually replaced when the surface becomes saturated (approximately every 2-3 months). Pollutants such as pesticides, perfumes, medicines, tannins, and even chlorine and chloramines can all be removed via this process.
Activated carbon is great for adding extra polish to water and enhancing the clarity, but also works to remove chlorine and chloramine from the pond during water changes. Since activated carbon is fairly cheap to replace, many fish keepers choose to keep a constant supply in their filter box to maximize water quality and remove any residue pollutants. It can be used all year round for better filtration and has no real drawbacks apart from the costs.
You can use carbon to treat water before adding it to a pond, or you can simply add carbon to your filter box which will eventually cycle the chlorinated water and neutralize it. It is especially useful for brand new ponds during cycling, as it will help bring down chlorine levels and improve bacteria populations so you can safely add fish.
For more information on activated carbon, check our full article here.
4) Carbon Filter Hose Attachments
Recommended for: Small-large ponds with fish.
- Superior Filtration: The Boogie Blue PLUS+ features a dual catalytic-carbon & KDF membrane, providing superior filtration for heavy-duty use
- Increased Capacity: With almost 6 oz more carbon and 11oz of KDF material, this model offers an extended lifespan of approximately 45k...
- Advanced Heavy-Metal Arrest: The carbon membrane includes a superior grade of catalytic material, Resin-Ion Exchange, for effective...
An interesting method to reduce chlorine and chloramines from mains water is by adding a carbon filter to the end of your garden hose. Since most of us likely carry out water changes and refills using a hose anyway, adding a carbon filter means no further treatment is needed and you can top up water whenever you want. These kinds of filter attachments have become popular for drinking water and gardening, but they usually lack the capacity to make them effective for pond use. Most filter cartridges would run out within a few hundred gallons of water, and that is not ideal for larger ponds as you’d be replacing constantly.
However, newer models of filter attachments are arriving with a much larger capacity (5,000+ gallons), meaning they’re much better suited for pond water changes. The device is fitted to the end of your hose and contains an activated carbon filter chamber, and when water passes through, the carbon will help neutralize chlorine and chloramine just like regular activated carbon (above). The benefit of this method is it allows you to instantly add water directly to your pond without the need to treat beforehand or afterward.
If you’re interested in trying these attachments, make sure to invest in a filter with a larger carbon capacity or you’ll be replacing it frequently. Common commercial units are often only intended for small volumes of water, and you’ll certainly want something bigger for your pond. We recommend Boogie-Blue Plus+ Carbon Filter as it provides up to 45,000 gallons of filter life span, making it a great choice for both small and large water changes.
5) Dechlorination/Water Filtration Systems
Recommended for: Large-scale heavy fish stocked ponds.
- [Two-Stage Effective Filtration] The whole house water filter has 1st-Stage premium 5-micron polypropylene sediment filter (FP15B) captures...
- [Superb Filtration Capacity] 10"x4. 5" replaceable whole house water filters can provide up to a full year of clean water(up to 50, 000...
- [Easy Installation and Filter Change] The system comes pre-assembled onto the mounting bracket for a streamlined, DIY installation. Filter...
Although not for every pond owner, if you have a heavy fish stocked pond or perform regular water changes, investing in a dedicated de-chlorinator system may be a good choice long-term. These powerful filter systems are intended for industry and whole households, being able to remove chlorine, chloramine, and sediment from large volumes of water, very quickly. They use the same activated carbon as found in regular treatments and hose attachments but on a much larger scale. The carbon is also refined to a high degree of purity, and designed specifically for maximum and optimal water filtration. Most systems have a carbon treatment lifetime of upwards of 50K gallons, so would likely work for years and years without the need for a replacement.
While a bit overkill for small ponds, this is still a viable option for larger-scale operations where maximum water quality is needed and regular water changes are performed (i.e. fish breeders/sellers). These systems can also be connected up alongside a UV clarifier for enhanced purification, meaning more algae, tannins, and bacteria are removed, making water even cleaner.
What is the Difference Between Chlorine and Chloramine?
For the longest time chlorine was the disinfection method of choice for water companies, but in recent times a newer substance has emerged called “chloramine.” Chloramine is a mix between chlorine and ammonia, forming a new compound that lasts much longer than chlorine and does not evaporate into the atmosphere. This is great news for water companies, as it means they can more efficiently treat tap water and it remains disinfected from bacteria for much longer. However, this is bad news for pond owners as it means you can no longer just let water stand to remove the substance, and many older water conditioners only remove regular chlorine, so chloramine would still remain.
The solution? Make sure your dechlorinator treatments can neutralize both chlorine and chloramine. Newer water conditioners will easily remove both substances, so if you’re unsure which chemical is used to disinfect your tap water, it’s often best to go with a dual-treatment option to be safe. If you want to double-check, you can also call your local water treatment company and ask what chemicals they use in their treatment process. Some counties and states will continue to use regular chlorine, but others may have started to adopt the newer chloramine treatment method – the only way to know for sure is to ask!
Why is Chlorine Dangerous to Ponds and Fish?
Chlorine and chloramine are highly reactive substances that easily bind and react with organic compounds. Chlorine in sufficient doses is a highly effective disinfectant, which is why it’s used globally in mains water to destroy bacteria. The problem with this is that chlorine will not be able to distinguish between “good” and “bad” bacteria, and will quickly kill off all types of bacteria in your pond and filter box. Beneficial bacteria which are essential to a pond’s biological filtration will also be destroyed by chlorine, which would result in a drop in water quality and a spike in waste substances.
Chlorine and chloramine are also very toxic to aquatic life, with only small doses being needed to cause significant damage and stress to fish. Chlorine will cause burns upon contact, damaging the gills, scales, and breathing tissue of goldfish and koi. It also readily enters the bloodstream after it passes through the gills, causing internal burning, stress, and significant pain to the fish.
How do you measure chlorine? What is the ideal water value?
Ideal chlorine and chloramine values in pond water should be 0.00 PPM (parts per million), or as close to zero as possible. Chlorine has no benefit in a pond and will only cause the death of bacteria and stress to fish, so the maximum amount should always be removed. In reality, it’s not always possible to remove all chlorine, so aiming for around 0.01 PPM is a reasonable goal if you have fish in your pond.
If you get a lot of natural evaporation (hot climate) you’ll likely be topping off your water more often, so you need to be more careful about chlorine levels in comparison to someone in a colder climate. New ponds, and ponds that require frequent water changes, both can suffer from high levels of chlorine due to the frequency and volume of tap water being added.
Chlorine can be measured using an electronic test device, or you can simply test your tap water for ammonia and if you detect trace amounts, it’s very likely you also have chloramine (being comprised of ammonia itself). The other option is to simply assume both are present and treat your water with both in mind. There will always be at least one of the two in your mains water, and since most commercial treatments can now remove both substances, testing isn’t always necessary.
Thanks, very thorough info
Thank you was very helpfull
Great article with good links
Thank you, its a great help for fish hobbyist.
Thank you. This was very helpful information
Due to recent weather having to top up my water frequently . My red coloured koi are losing colour . Is it due to me having to do this ?
Hi Barry,
How much water are you adding daily? Are you de-chlorinating water beforehand?
Koi often lose color when they’re under stress, which could indeed be due to spikes in chlorine/chloramine. Another possible cause may be a lack of dissolved oxygen due to the warmer water. Do you have any aerators/air pumps running?
No water in the tank so will have to use mains water to top up outside pond with 40 gold fish (no Koi) Never used mains water before but cant wait for rain. Which system would you recommend
Hi Jan,
How big is your pond exactly? I personally find both activated carbon hose attachments and liquid dechlorinator treatments (ones that work for both chlorine/chloramine) just as effective for most pond sizes. The easiest would probably be the hose attachments, as you can fill your pond straight from your mains and the attachment will remove chlorine directly from the water as you re-fill.
Hi. Hope you can provide me with help.
My fish pond is now filled up with water from my pool. Yes it has choroline and yes has killed all my fish.
Do i need to completely drain the pond? Or is there a neutrilizer that will burn off the choroline?
Hi Mayumi,
Sorry to hear about your fish loss! Any pond-branded dechlorinator product would be fine for treating the water. You can see an example in this article, but you’d also easily be able to find one from any local supplier.
Dechlorinator from any aquatic stockist.
Or sodium thiosulphate
Can i begin by saying how wonderful your website is. I have spent hours going through just a fraction of the information. I am going to send you some images from a mucus scrape to see if you can ID anything if that’s ok?
Much respect for your site. It must have taken you a long, long time to create. So i don’t want to pull it apart.
Just one thing though….Chlorine doesn’t gas-off if you leave it over night. Only a very tiny amount.
Believe me, i am aware of the difference between chlorine and chloramine.
I have had lengthy disagreements with my water supplier over what is in the water and what they say is in the water.
Anyway, some years ago, when i first got my Hanna photometer i thought i would test the gassing off theory.
I put roughly 160 to 180 gallons of tap water in a 220 gallon vat. I took a chlorine reading. It was in the high 0.28*
I got an 8000 LPH water pump and secured it into the centre of the vat. Then switched it on. Effectively making a fountain.
Obviously a fountain throws water into the air, giving it more opportunity to gas-off than leaving it to stand.
I went to bed.
I got up.
I went to work.
That evening i took another chlorine reading. It was 0.22*
So although it had fallen after heavy aeration, it was still nowhere even close to fish safe.
I suggest that leaving it to stand would have considerably less effect at gassing it off.
Don’t be a cheapskate….get some dechlorinator. At the very least, some sodium thiosulphate and DPD No. 4 tablets.
* I apologise i can’t accurately remember the exact readings but both were above 0.2
BTW The smaller purifier units don’t work either but thats for another time.
Keep up the genuinely excellent site.
Hi Justin,
Apologies for the slow reply. My day job has been rather busy lately.
Thank you for the kind words! It’s great to hear the site has been helpful to you, and it’s comments like yours that truly make it all worthwhile.
Also, I really appreciate you sharing your knowledge here. One of the things I love about this hobby is that every conversation you have with another hobbyist has the potential to teach you something new. I don’t feel anyone could possibly have all the answers, as there are just too many variables, so a massive sharing of expertise, testing, and experience is how we better understand the deeper workings of the hobby as a whole.
In regards to your tests regarding chlorine, that’s both interesting and little disconcerting, as the chlorine “gassing off” theory is quite widespread. I’ll take some time to research the topic a little more in the next few days when I have more time and edit the article where appropriate, as I certainly want information to be as accurate as possible. Thanks again!
Hello all,
I’m a newbie in this pond thing. I just bought a house and a pond happens to come with it. Now I have about 10 Koi in the pond. With Houston weather I’ve been topping off new water almost every other day. I do remember to use water treatment product recommend by the store. However, I”m not sure if my water measurement is correct and the amount of water treatment is exact. So my ultimate question is what happen if I put too much water treatment solution in the pond? Will it kill the fishes eventually?
Thank you.
Hi there,
Could I ask what dechlorinator product (or brand) you’re using? I can try to help you determine the best dose if I know the product!
In terms of overdosing, most dechlorination products contain varying concentrations of sodium thiosulfate, which is generally considered very safe for fish. However, in extremely high concentrations it also has the potential to depress pH and dissolved oxygen, but this should be considered a very unlikely scenario for garden pond owners (more likely in industrial water treatment).
In fact, even if you tried, I think it would be very difficult to overdose using a regular off-the-shelf dechlorinator product, especially if you were also carrying out regular water changes to remove lingering residue from previous treatments. So long as your water quality is good (you should test regularly!), and you’re not putting in entire containers of treatment each small water change, I think adding a little too much product is not going to be a problem!
Congrats on the new pond, too, and welcome to the website! Do let us know if you have any other questions or would like some guidance. Both myself and the community are always happy help where we can!
I have a 50 gallon fishtank and would like to put a koi fish or 2 in tank unfortunately I have chlorinated water. If I use a hose attachment to my kitchen faucet can I put the boogie blue plus carbon filter on it and just fill up the fishtank after empting it halfway without harming the fish.
I have a completely unused bottle of Bermuda ” Banish Tapwater chemicals” which treats chlorines and chloramines but has a use by date of 2013 ! Is it likely to still be effective and anyway can it do any harm if I do use it? My feeling is to take the risk rather than leave it.
Hi Dave,
Sorry for the slow reply!
I’m unsure what active chemical is used in that product, but assuming it’s sodium thiosulfate, it’ll be subject to a slow deterioration process, becoming less effective over time. I’ve seen this ‘deterioration period’ being quoted as anywhere between 6 months to 3 years, and I’m honestly unsure of the exact time scale myself.
A few chemical manufacturers reference thiosulfate solutions as having a shelf life between 12-18 months before they begin degrading – https://us.vwr.com/assetsvc/asset/en_US/id/10640798/contents
I don’t think an old solution would be harmful, but I also doubt it will do much in the way of de-chlorination, so I’d advise picking up a fresh batch to be on the safe side and to ensure the water is being treated correctly.
I hope someone reads this and can help. I inherited a house with two attached koi ponds. One “bubble” thing stopped working, so I just had both replaced. The ponds were really mucky, so they went ahead and cleaned, then replaced with water. After reading all this, I realize this was a mistake. All my koi died, of course. I feel terrible. I can get some of the stuff to kill of the two bad water chemicals…but do they need new bacteria too? If so, how do I fix before I risk the lives of more fish?
Even though it is cold out, my fish are near the surface, so I assume there is shortage of oxygen. (I am aerating). I want to try to clean out and replace some of the water with clean tap water. Do the dechlorinators work in cold water?
We have a goldfish and koi pond with several fish. We have been losing water and it is now dangerously low. Can we add the city water and decxhlorinator at the same time? We need to get water in it quickly and no rain is in the forecast. Thanks.
The topic helps a lot as a reference. Thank you!
Hi Lovely,
Thanks for reading and letting us know! We’re so happy that this was helpful to you!
First, I love your website. Its been my “go-too” and been really helpful!
I purchased the Boogie-Blue Plus and read that it removes 99% of Chlorine and 87% Chloramine. When I do a partial (10-20%) water change, should I still add a water conditioner or will the Boogie-Blue Plus suffice?
Hi there, I have a small pond, 2 ft x 3 ft x 0.75 ft deep and the water level has gone down, because of the sunny dry April we are having. To top it up with tap water I want to mix it with a bottle called, ‘banish tap water chemicals solution’, made by Bermuda.
Just wondering if it will still be effective, as the bottle is about 15 years old, do these products have a sell by date? there is no use by on the bottle.